Comparing the French Poets

Antony Bush said: to me poetry is an expression of self thought. It would seem then that poetry a personal journey that a poet shares with a willing audience. This journey through the poet’s ego or consciousness is what allows poetry to be dynamic, enigmatic, and provocative. Poetry then isn’t a way in which a poet can complain about a broken heart or a broken family but a way in which they can more vividly and truthfully express their surrounding circumstance and place metaphor in the place of cliche.For instance, instead of saying ‘my heart is broken’ a poet can say ‘my heart splinters into a thousand galaxies’ thereby relating their personal pain into a more worldly occurrence and thus making the poem accessible to their audience. The aim of poetry then is to make readers feel more human when they read lines like â€Å"We flit each other, fluid affectionate, chaste, matured. You grew up with me, were a boy with me or a girl with me† i n which Walt Whitman expresses to his reader how he knows them – and in knowing them he transcends time, gender, and space thereby making the reader a little less lonely.That is the goal of poetry, to make people feel less lonely, to have them feel as if someone else has felt their love, joy, pain and grief and made it through these human emotions – it gives the reader hope that they too will make it through life. In Baudelaire’s poem One O’clock in the Morning he expresses enthusiasm for being alone. Except, in his third sentence he says ‘ours’ meaning that he is not alone, his desire was to be alone with someone – to be left by the world so that he can exist in a world of two. This is a common theme among poets.However, this ‘ours’ is rather ambiguous and the reader is left with the impression that Baudelaire is indeed alone. He states, â€Å"tyranny of the human face† meaning he attributes almost everything wrong in the world to humanity and not to simply one person but all people. Is he then an exception? The poem does not say. The poem is however definitely pointing out how sick humanity is. The poet expresses rather masochistic tendencies in wanting to be alone (the turn of the key in the lock) and how he wants to be bathed in darkness.With such metaphors and imagery the poet succeeds in delivering his desire to be alone. In Rimbaud’s poem Barbarian the poet speaks of distant – distant from humanity (again). This is shown with his allusions to humanity being a â€Å"banner of bleeding meat† and how being far from such barbarism, one can be at peace again. He perhaps has had his vision of heroism denied or proven false as this banner (a banner which is carried in battle) is what drives the narrator quite mad with barbaric thoughts.Perhaps Rimbaud is talking about death. His reverie in stating â€Å"Oh World† is a cry of a dying man, and the â€Å"eyes floating † confirms this argument. Rimbaud’s poem goes on to state something about the world and the treasures of that world that he will miss – this statement is given in parenthesis, â€Å"(Far from the old retreats and the old flames, that are known, that are felt)† (Rimbaud line 11-12). He is making a comparison between life and this new place and how both perhaps have their positive and negatives.Rimbaud however leaves the reader in an ambiguous state as he does not seem to favor one state of being over the other (unlike Baudelaire) but merely makes exhalations about either place and his feeling toward both. In the end, perhaps it is not death he is explaining in his poem, but heartbreak – a love over a woman. He states he that he sees the eyes and hair and the floating form before him – so in the end, the poem is perhaps more about how being out of favor or out of someone’s love affects him.

Isolation and Loneliness in Of Mice and Men Essay

In the novel Of Mice and Men the theme of loneliness and isolation can hardly be ignored as there are elements of them in key moments in the story. Isolation and loneliness plays a huge role in the story and some of the points that make this book a very gripping read, they also put things across that most of us would not have imagined in the first place. George and Lennie play the biggest part to the themes of loneliness and isolation. When they first arrive at the ranch everybody is very surprised to see two itinerant workers travelling around together. The night before George and Lennie come to the ranch they are sitting by the brush they say to each other ‘Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world†¦ They don’t belong no place†¦But not us!†¦ Because I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you.’ George and Lennie’s dream of themselves owning a ranch together and having a house with two separate bedrooms for each other, this in the day the book was written was very strange because people keep themselves to themselves and travel on their own they would do almost anything to share a room with somebody just for the company. But George and Lennie aren’t lonely and they want their own space away from other people. All of the other workers are not afraid to tell George and Lennie that they find it strange that two workers are travelling together and Lennie can only speak when George lets him. The ranch owner tells George that he will keep an eye on them because George may be trying to take something from George, for example his money. This is a perfect example of how people thought about workers travelling together. A good point about having friends on the ranch is if you get in a fight you have someone to stick up for you. An example of this is when Curley starts to hit Lennie he does nothing until George tells him that he can hit back and so he does and Curley gets what he probably deserves. The friendship that George and Lennie has is very important especially to Lennie because most other people would not be able to put up with him being a pest and causing them to loose their previous job in weed due to Lennie doing something stupid. If it was not for these two friends looking out for each other Lennie would probably been killed a lot earlier on in the story and not by George. Curley’s wife is also a great example of loneliness and isolation on the ranch. Steinbeck does not give her a name. That makes her feel unimportant and she is not wanted, even though she plays a big part in the novel about the themes of dreams and in a way stops Lennie and George from getting their own dream of their own ranch. She is the only woman on a ranch full of men. This means that there is an immediate sense of loneliness because if any of the workers are caught flirting with her there will be trouble because Curley’s dad is the ranch owner and he can get the workers sacked if his son tells him to, so Curley’s wife has to stay in her house all day and the only person she can really talk to is Curley. Towards the end of the novel when Curley’s wife is talking to Lennie in the barn it is the first time in the whole novel when she actually has a full conversation with anybody. She opens up to Lennie and tells him things that she has never told anyone else before, probably because she has nobody else to talk to. She really ‘lets her hair down’ and tells him all sorts of things like she tells him that she does not like to only have to talk to Candy because she does not like him and that he is not a nice person. The only reason why she married him was so that she can escape her ‘previous life’ at home. She also says ‘Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time.’ On the ranch Candy is another perfect example of loneliness and isolation. Because he is old and disabled the other workers have a different attitude to him. His equivalent to a friend on the ranch was hi old dog. Because his dog was old and no longer useful so they kill it. Candy hopes they shoot him when he gets unable to do any work. At the very end of the novel when Lennie has killed Curley’s wife and Curley is hunting him down. George is the one to kill Lennie because they were friends and he wanted no body else to shoot him. This shows friendship even when Lennie has done something very bad up until his last moment George can still find it in his heart to be kind to Lennie.

Functionalism, Conflict, Interactionism and Religion Essay

Religion is the worship of and the belief in a God or gods. Every individual in life is often entitled to a religion as part of the culture. Devotional and performance of specific rituals characterize religion among the people. Religion possesses moral codes that regulate the affairs of man in the society. The paper seeks to determine how the sociological theories impact religion of an individual (Lizardo, 2009). Functionalism is a sociological theory that was purposely established to try and explain social institutions and more so religion in this case, as a collective way to end individualism in the society, with focus on the conduct in which social institutions impede social needs. Functionalism is instituted in a way to create an understanding on how social institutions work. Religion for instance has got many roles that it plays in the society. It is the basis for the belief in a god in every society (Lizardo, 2009). Functionalism as a theory applies to the sociological institution of religion in a number of ways. Religion has been disintegrated to spirituality and then to Christianity. According to the believers of functionalist theory such as Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton there are many functions or rather roles that religion plays in the society. Staying holy is part of Christianity and thus religion. It is believed that holiness protects people from the dangers of the world. Religious people often try to lead a religious life, something that those who don’t have a religiously governed life, don’t really admire. Religion thus is seen to change the life and even culture of people, not only because of their own sake, but also for the sake of others. Religion offers solace to the believers and helps them overcome the challenges of life. Religion thus is instituted in the theory of functionalism to be of benefit to the society. Sometimes it is believed that religion offers basic need to the believers. This comes up due to the fact that since religion has been translated to groups of beliefs such as Christianity, individuals believe in God according to the teachings. As they believe in God, God grants them the desires of their heart (Lizardo, 2009). On the other hand, conflict theory applies in the sociological institution of religion in that; the theory suggests that the organization of religion was formed purposely to fulfill the basic human needs. This implies that all the needs of man could be granted with a belief in a god, who when praying to, grants the individual his or her needs. Basic needs can be food, shelter, clothing, and all those other things that man needs to lead a life that is not extreme poverty. However, religion has been destroyed in its organization and it has been left with one purpose, to safeguard the center of power. From the functionalism theory, religion does not, in its existence, fulfill the basic needs of an individual, but wholly in a different manner. Religion contributes to the equilibrium of the society through the provision of a structure within which the society functions in peace (Lizardo, 2009). Finally, the theory of interactionism applies to the sociological institution by viewing religion just like the functionalist theory of Durkheim. The two theories, functionalism and interactionism view religion as functional element that man applies to survive. This implies that in interactionism, the role of religion to the society and to an individual where he lives is regarded as of most importance. However, the interactionism theory has no clear definition or understanding on religion. Nevertheless, there have been several perspectives of the theory of interactionism in which many have been approved while others still remain with controversies. The main idea here is that interactionism theory is that it in a way supports the functionalism theory that regards religion as an important element that has roles to play in the society (Lizardo, 2009). In all the three theories, there are similarities and differences on their applications to the sociological institution of religion. It is evident that in all the three theories, their view point of religion is that of meaningful. This implies that they tend to view religion as something of importance in the society and to the people involved in it in general. Precisely, the theory of functionalism and that of interactionism give religion a functional role in the society. They bring out religion as something of importance to the society (Lizardo, 2009) The difference in these theories is that in the conflict theory, there are conditions that are attached to the role of religion. For instance, one has to pray to God so as to receive the need that he or she is really lacking. This is so unlike in the other two theories as they presume that religion is a functional institution and it should provide all the basic needs to man with or without asking. The conflict theory further draws lines of difference in that it deploys the concept of power. This is an implication that, there are some people in the society who are more powerful than others. It outlines concepts that religion brings about equilibrium by providing a structure whereby the society functions peacefully (Livesey, n. d). Each theory is seen to affect the views of every individual in the society. From the theory of functionalism, one can draw a conclusion that religion is not all about building temples and keeping shrines, but real religion is all about healing broken hearts and uniting people to God. Every Christian believes in a God, and every one prays to that God when in need and the needs are always granted. Staying close to God spiritually makes one have peace and lead a harmonious life. That is a belief that religious people have and they exploit the fact. It is crystal clear that believers lead holy lives, distant from evils of every kind. Therefore, the functionalism theory affects how every individual views religion by the emphasis that it is a functional concept. The conflict theory on the other hand, affects the views of individuals, as far as the sociological institution of religion is concerned. The conflict theory affects the view point of an individual in that; it makes a person think of religion to be functioning in a way to safeguard the powerful and the rich in their positions. This implies that, even if someone in a powerful position commits a crime, with religion it will be taken just as an accusation. Therefore it is possible to conclude that religion protects and preserves those who are powerful to remain in their positions and help them remain there. This has led to creation of conflicts in the society as criminals are being let to go free, something that the functionalism theory does not recommend and advise (Livesey, n. ). The interactionism theory affects the views of an individual in that it makes them belief that through religion, they are able to understand things in a better way. This is not approved, but it is a theory. Most interactionists have often argued that religion is a belief system that helps individuals to understand well all the things they come across with in their daily lives. This is achieved through making sense out of those things. People who are religious experience many things in their daily lives, some makes sense to them while others do not make sense. To those who are not religious, they may never have the capacity to understand anything that happens in nature. Some of these experiences include the mental and physical maps individuals make in their minds as they focus the life they have in the social and natural cycle. The three theories are also known to affect the approach to the social changes, which take place in religion, in a number of ways. For instance, in the functionalism theory, the social changes in religion as a sociological institution include the changes in the society that are religious. This includes religious marriages, offering of sacrifices to God, transformations from paganism to spirituality and many other changes. The theory of functionalism is known to affect the approach to these social changes. To be precise, religion is believed to transform life and this implies life transformation from bad to good. In every society there is existence of evil. People committing these evils do also exist. There are those bad characters in the society that no one admires, for instance people who rob others of their wealth, murderers, rapists, and many others are so much hated by the community. This is because they bring harm to the society and no benefit at all. Religion is believed to have the capacity to transform the life of an individual from this devastating state to something that people can admire. This can only be achieved if the victim believes in God and prays to Him. It is the only way to get transformation (Livesey, n. d). The conflict theory affects the approaches to social changes in the religion of individuals in a presumption that religion tends to be more lenient to its believers. The religions do this by supporting some institutions in the society for instance monogamy, family and marriage. Religion further encourages procreation and banning contraception religion in some cases as this can effectively bring new members that are born into the ideal world that one must produce and keep on the practice of producing as generations pass. Religion does this simply to have more members in their respective religions and keep teaching the new members the rules of the institution and the practices, for instance, children pass through rituals like baptism and confirmations. Religion further ensures that the new members Sunday school masses, Sabbath schools at the temple and festival gatherings (MacDonald, 2009). Interactionism theory affects the approach to the religious social changes in a similar manner as the functionalism and conflict theories. However, it tends to focus the traditional periods and tries to compare the sociological changes to the present times. Societies in the traditional times had a religious system that was very brief or rather very small. This was due to the fact that the traditional societies involved themselves to one universe of meaning simply because they were systems that were closed. This implies the fact that in those societies in which one religion is constantly highlighted and made sociable to persons, keeping out of all other religions. It is in these societies that the behavior code is written by the powerful actors in the society, simply because they possess positions in the society (Blumer, 1969). Each theory affects the views of the society. It is crystal clear that the society views religion in different ways. These sociological theories have been known to affect these views of the society in one way or another. The society for instance views religion as something sacred, that it should be respected simply because it is associated with a supreme being. But in functionalism theory, religion is believed to be the only way through which individuals can come up with an identity as far as the society in concerned. An individual’s faith can be measured through the way his or her religion is tied to the person’s heritage, family and culture. Religion of an individual gives individuals the capacity to endure all difficulties in life and all the individual tragedies that every one goes through in life. What remains a fact is that not everyone has faith in his or her religion. And this is as a result of the way functionalism theory affects the views of the society about religion (Blumer, 1969). The conflict theory also affects the way people view religion in the society. Religion is believed to give provisions of both power and ability to control people and also to give support in all means possible to those people. Religion achieves this through its forms and with all its mechanisms of authority and cohesion, comfort and confrontation. Most people in the society have put their trust and confidence on the religion that exists in their culture as it is evident that they have the will to do all that religion requires them to do for they believe it is something right that even their gods will be pleased to see it done. Clearly, this is as a result of the way the conflict theory affects the way individuals or rather the society’s view of religion (MacDonald, 2009). On the other hand, interactionism theory affects the views of the society from the concepts of relations amongst the people in the society. Every society is build up of relationships. Everyone is at least having a relationship with someone else, for instance relationships maybe fatherhood, brotherhood, sisterhood and many others. For all the studies that have been done, it is evident that religion makes people confident of their current locality. Individuals believe that religion offers optimum security and further still, religion brings a sense of certainty in the uncertain world. Most religious people believe that in this world you can never know what to expect in the near future, everything seems so uncertain. But with the belief in one person, having total faith in a God who exists, everything seems practical, real and true. In all cultures, there in a trend that is common of taking religion as the only true thing. This has been the result of the psychological, anthropological and sociological researches that have been made. From tradition, many people have believed in religion and it is evident that till now, people still regards religion as something that is real and that it gives people protection in all they do (McClelland, 2009) In conclusion, social institutions exist in almost all societies. There are the sociological theories that tend to make people in a society understand the sociological institutions. Every theory applies to each sociological institution, for instance the functionalism, conflict and interactionism theory affect religion as a sociological institution. The three theories affect the institution in different ways but at some point there is similarity on how they affect the sociological institution. The theories also affect religion in different ways and individuals view it in different ways too. Further still, all these sociological theories affect the views of the society in various ways.

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Speech - Essay Example The beneficial part of it is its usefulness in enabling a community to adopt good central practices and values. On the other hand, social change prevents communities from retaining and preserving important cultural values. Otherwise, social change is a significant to every society. Social change has been in the forefront of major economic, social, and religious development in the world. It diverts the perception of a people to new values that are consistent with time. People have to acknowledge that social values are dynamic. What applies to a society or generation at a particular time might not apply to a different one at a different time. Social change is significant in reinforcing new ideas into the minds of the society. The major challenge in imparting new social values is convincing individuals to believe them and divert their attention from the old values. Opportunistic countries found it difficult to start respecting human rights to abolish slave trade (Reynolds and Paul, 59). A wave of change for recognition swept the world and consequently, people were under compulsion to abolish slave trade. Today, the world enjoys human freedom and rights. Is there a need for a society to change its values? Necessity for social change is dependent on its objective and affects the society. For example, industrial revolution expanded the economic base of many communities. It availed a variety of products to the society apart from creating jobs. The illustration justifies the need for social change in the economic perspective. The same example can also illustrate the negative perspective of industrial revolution (Reynolds and Paul, 74). After economic prosperity of the world, a number of economic crimes such as corruption cropped up. Social media has spread across the world at a first rate. It is important for communication and making advertisements. However, it leads to the spread of immoral behavior. The world should learn to

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Philosophy - Essay Example This kind of explanation was and is still lacking in the traditional medication though they are recognized to some extent in the contemporary medication. Generally, medication would be considered to be scientifically relevant. In science, there are three principles that must be fulfilled by any happening considered to be in it domain, the principle of obeying natural laws, that is the law of gravity, replication, and falsifiability (Ellis, 127). In simpler terms science dictates that it has no preference and do not behave differently in any place and when performed by anybody. This concept is clearly manifested in the way vaccines are used. Whether a vaccine is used in Kenya or in Canada for example, it will have the same effect on the individuals that have used it. That explains why vaccines have been used to get rid of disease like measles and small pox all over the world. There operation can be fathomed both in common science and in the scientific perspective. In the interest of u nderstanding science both in fact and common sense, it is prudent that we unravel the following; Before a vaccine is made and licensed to be used publicly in the mitigation of a disease spread, it has to pass through a definite scientific sequence. From the initial proposed project, evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility, cost, animal trial, human clinical trial which is the last stage before licensing after having proven effective. This chronology justifies and attempts to answer all the possible questions that can be asked about vaccines. In addition to this, vaccines are not compound in nature, they are rather specific and do take care of only one infection. This is justified scientifically because every disease causing pathogen referred to as antigen do have specific vaccine target points known as paratopes (Lefebvre, 222). These antigenic points have different orientation in every antigens and it explains why vaccines are specific in nature. The same applies to the drugs, w hich target specific physiological repair to render normalcy. The kind of justification made above is conspicuously lacking in homeopathy, which is considered as a form of medication. Thesis statement Human physiological processes are identical and once subjected to any external treatment will behave more or less the same. There are no selective behavioral tendencies that can be exhibited by different individual subjected to same treatment based on the cultural or social orientation. In this regard, all substances that are used in the body to reverse a physiological departure expressly owes us the responsibility of unequivocally accounting for the logics behind the proposed effect, otherwise it will be a matter of taking jokes too far. In pursuit of the above statement, I refuse to believe in the efficacy of homeopathy as a way of medication. The justification is stated below. The concept of Homeopathy In the 18th century, Samuel Hahnemann discovered homeopathy. Its concert then and now remain absolutely the same, it proposes that if a substance is able to cause symptoms when occurs in large doses, the diluted concentration of the same substance do reverse the occurrence of the symptoms. A classical example is; when large dose of mycobacterium tuberculosis is

Discuss combine harvester and its historic and current impact on the Essay

Discuss combine harvester and its historic and current impact on the economy, the environment, relationships, education, and morals. Give examples to support your discussion - Essay Example In addition, the remnants after using the combine harvester may be fed to farm animals or cut and spread throughout the field to add nutrients. This papers explores the history and the environmental and economic impacts of the combine harvester The combine harvester was invented in the U.S by one Hiram Moore in 1834. Notably, the early versions of the machine were pulled by mule, bulls, and/or horse teams. Although invented in the U.S., the idea of combine harvester was evident in other regions. In fact, an Australian, Hugh Victor McKay developed the first commercial combine harvester in 1882. Later combine harvester would be pulled by steam engine as seen in George Stockton Berry’s integration of the combine harvester with a steam engine using straw to heat the boiler. Later, sophisticated combine harvesters such as Massey Ferguson’s would emerge, drawn by tractors (gas or diesel engines). Attached to these combine harvesters are shakers, which separate grain from the chaff and straw-walkers to eject the straw and retain the grain (Quick & Buchele, 1978). One of the economic impacts of the combine harvester is the execution of multiple tasks such as grain threshing, winnowing, and collection in harvest in fa ster and more efficient ways. The machine has also created its own industry and jobs, thus improving the economy. The combine harvester has also led to reduced crop losses, time conservation, good turn around time for next crop, and reduced labor shortages during peak times thereby positively affecting the economy and living standards. Thus, due to these many advantages, the combine harvester has economically empowered not only its manufacturers but also farmers. Unfortunately, the price of the machine has prevented some farmers from using it. Additionally, poor transport facilities in rural areas, fragmented land holding, inaccessibility of farms and lack of local manufacturers and repairing facilities have also

Christopher Columbuss View of the Americas Native Indigenous People Research Paper

Christopher Columbuss View of the Americas Native Indigenous People - Research Paper Example This was attributed greatly by the different personalities of the two colonialists. Notably is that Bartholomew De Las Casas was a priest, writer, a Dominican friar and an advocate for humane treatment and fair relation for the indigenous people of the Americas. On the other hand, Christopher Columbus was the early colonialist and explorer whose aim was to gain power and control over indigenous America at whatever means. In order to get a conceptual view and understanding of the two perspectives, it is worth to analyze critically each of the sides in regard to the newly discovered colonies and its indigenous native people who are the inhabitants. Christopher Columbus's Perspective Christopher Columbus’s perspective view of America's native indigenous people is evident in the contents of the letter he wrote to his majesty’s in Spain. In his letter regarded to a letter on the first voyage Columbus gives a vivid and conceptual description on his adventure and encounters wi th the native indigenous people in his exploration trip in America. Columbus describes the indigenous American natives not really as a detached observer but as an entrepreneur whose main aim is to exploit, the economic opportunities in the region (Jane ). His expedition can be perceived as for an economic expedition and commercially driven. Having critically analyzed the islands man and the extensive indigenous people he interacted with, Columbus portrayed the regions and the people to be suitable for future colonization (Jane). Columbus lays great emphasis and focuses on the Spaniard's interaction with the native indigenous Americas people. He describes the local natives giving an account of their lifestyles and the societal customs in detail. Notably is that the people both men and women go naked only covering some specific parts, also he describes them as very generous and welcoming without any creed.

Strategic Management Unit 5 DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Management Unit 5 DB - Essay Example Their main reason for breaking the bond was that the cultures of the two companies could not accommodate each other. Incompatible networks and ugly phones resulted into bad customer experience. It was difficult to merge assets and liabilities of the two firms hindering the creation of the much anticipated synergy (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2008). Economic down turn also begun to take a biting turn and customers expectation grew large and larger. Further, stiff competition form market rivals such as AT&T, the iPhone, as well as Verizon, ate away significant market share driving down the sales of the joint venture. In most cases, mergers and acquisitions have negative impact on employees. The case of Sprint and Nextel merger was no exception. Moreover, the difficult times after the merger only impounded more misfortunes for the employees of the two companies. Amidst the crisis of the joint venture, it started to lay-off workers in a bid to reduce operating costs. An employee who never obliged to the strict policies by taking some break from work as a result of his father’s death was mercilessly fired (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2008). The merger was no good news for employees of both

Future of HCIs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Future of HCIs - Essay Example On the other hand, linguistics deals with the development of machines and human languages and the link between these phenomena. As computers become common in culture, designers are progressively looking for ways to make interfacing with these devices to be easy, harmless and more effective. By 2020, computer users are expected to interrogate machines. Moreover, computers are anticipated to form the primary part of these interactions since there will be new rules of association with machines that will in turn grow into â€Å"techno-dependency†. Even though papers will still be used in the future, digital paper will also flourish thereby giving room for creativity, for instance, social network magazines will form part of real time interaction. Digital storage of even more features of people’s lives, from a mobile handset calls to CCTV recordings, could be a reality in the future. Additionally, wider network coverage will mean secrecy will be a key emphasis of the HCI community. Human "digital footprint", that is, the sharing of more aspects of people’s lives through digital photography, blogging, podcasting and video, is set to get bigger, and this will raise crucial questions about how much information we should store about

Human Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Population - Essay Example The number keeps growing every second. Human Population itself is not a problem. The Earth is meant for humans to dwell in it. However, it becomes a problem when too many or too less humans live in it and this is known as Over Population and Under Population respectively. Total population is increasing at a rate of around 1.15 % per year and the average annual population change is approximated at over 77 million right now. The increase rate was highest in the 1960s and it has almost halved since then. The total population in Year 1 was 200 million while today in year 2008 it has hit 6 billion. It is estimated to reach 9.2 billion by 2050! (World Population Clock-Worldometer, 2008) Better health-care facilities in developed countries imply fewer deaths. Despite this, most population increases are taking place in developing countries. This is because the birth rate increases more than the decrease in death rate. Alternatively, in developed countries, there is a problem of under population. Life expectancy has increased a lot and the fertility rate has decreased. This is true for countries like Germany. Human population follows the pattern of an exponential growth; it grows slowly at first but then very rapidly (Hopkins, J., 2008). This clearly has implications for the future as the world will become over-populated at one time. Over-population is when the resources of an area can not meet the needs of the humans living in it or in other words the Earth's carrying capacity is utilized. Hence, it is problematic, very. The concept of Over Population can be showed with an analogy. Take the example of a restaurant. It employs five waiters in the beginning. The restaurant gains from them. Slowly the number keeps growing and the number increases to 20 waiters. They start crashing into each other, damaging utilities and worrying other people around them. This is a problem because it becomes difficult for these waiters to behave naturally as they would with only five waiters. This, hence, is the problem of overpopulation. The thing to notice here is that it is also closely related to the economics concept of the Diminishing Law of Marginal Utility. Factors that contribute to and are affected by the Human Population Living Factors The most obvious factor that contributes to human population is humans themselves. Population obviously increases because of increased birth rates or an increase in the fertility rate. People in developing countries are having more and more babies everyday because of which the number is increasing. Humans are also affected by the growing population themselves. Non-Living Factors Along with increased birth rates, decreased death rates or mortality also could also contribute to human population. The death/mortality rate decreases when medical and health care facilities are good. The number of deaths, therefore, decreases when countries are developed or are moving towards development. Because of globalization, today all boundaries between countries have been removed. This promotes specialization and the overall growth of economies of different countries. The growth in an economy is shown by increased and enhanced health-care facilities and hence, a lower number of deaths and a higher life expectancy age. Therefore, there is the

What Are the Main Perspectives in the Study of Psychology Essay Example for Free

What Are the Main Perspectives in the Study of Psychology Essay What research methods are used to study these perspectives? Every topic in psychology can be looked at in a number of different ways and various different approaches can be adopted for each topic. These approaches are known as perspectives (i. e. view) that involve certain assumptions (i. e. beliefs) about human behaviour: the way they function, which aspects of them are worthy of study and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. There may be several different theories within an approach but they all share the above common assumptions. Different perspectives have different research methods. The â€Å"Gloria Tapes† of 1975 are a good example of how different perspectives are used to address the same problems in a client’s life, as they are looking at her problems from different viewpoints (http://www. metafilter. com, accessed February 2012). For the purpose of this essay, we will be looking at the five main psychological perspectives. These include the psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioural, biological and humanistic perspectives. A wide range of research methods are used in psychology. In its simplest terms, Martin Shuttleworth (2008) defines research as â€Å"In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge† Types of research methods include laboratory and field experiments, case studies, correlations, interviews, observations and questionnaires. These research methods fall into two basic categories: quantitive and qualitive. Qualitative research gathers research that is not in numerical form and is useful for studies at the individual level (i. e. client centred therapy). Quantitive research gathers data in numerical form, which can be put into categories, in order or measured in units of measurement. This type of data can be used to construct graphs and tables of raw data. Experiments typically yield quantitative data (McLeod, S. A. 2007). This essay will now go on to explain the main perspectives in more detail and what different research methods are used for each perspective. The essay will end in a conclusion based on what has been discussed. Sigmund Freud was undoubtedly the main founder of psychodynamics. In 1900 he published his paper â€Å"interpretation of dreams† (Gross, R. 2001 page 15). This marked the beginning of psychoanalytical thought. Other psychiatrists who also helped strongly with the psychodynamic movement include Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Melanie Klein. Freud’s psychoanalysis is the original psychodynamic theory and is based on the belief that events in our childhood can have a significant impact on our behaviour as adults. He believed that people had little free will to make choices in life (opposite to humanism) and instead, our behaviour is determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Freud explained the human mind like an iceberg, with only a small amount of it being visible (Gross, R. 001 page 15). Most of our thoughts and ideas are not accessible at that moment (pre – conscious) or are totally inaccessible (unconscious). He used techniques such as free association, dream analysis and transference to unlock the subconscious. Most of our subconscious has been made up through repression, whereby threatening, traumatic or unpleasant experiences are â€Å"forgotten† and â€Å"locked away†. This is a major form of â€Å"ego defence†. Repression is closely related to resistance, interpretation of which is another key technique in psychoanalysis. Freud believed that personality is made up of three components: the id, ego and superego. The id and superego (unconscious) are in constant conflict with the ego (conscious), which tries to resolve this discord. If this conflict is not resolved, we use defence mechanisms to reduce our anxiety. Psychoanalysis attempts to help patients resolve their inner conflicts. The id also contains two instincts, eros (life and sex instinct) and thanatos (dream instinct). Thanatos has weaker energies than eros and is therefore channelled away from ourselves and into aggression towards others. One aspect of psychoanalysis is Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, which shows how early experiences affect adult personality. The most important stage is the phallic stage and during this stage boys experience the â€Å"Oedipus† complex and girls experience the â€Å"Electra complex† (Gross, R. 2001 page 15). These complexes result in children identifying with the same sex parent who enables them to learn sex appropriate behaviour and a moral code of conduct for their future life. However like lots of Freud’s work, it has been criticized for over emphasizing the importance of sexuality and under emphasizes the role and influence of social relationships. The types of research methods that are used to study the psychodynamic approach include case studies (i. . Anna O, Little Hans), experiments, hypnosis, slips of the tongue (paraplexes), projective tests (TAT, Rorschach) and dream analysis. Psychodynamic research methods are mostly unscientific and lack empirical support, in terms of analysing human behaviour. For this approach, we are more likely to see qualitative data collection (case studies) which are subjective and also unfalsifiable. The humanist approach believes this approach is too deterministic, leaving little room for personal agency although a great strength of psychodynamics is that it highlights the importance of the subconscious mind and defence mechanisms. Freud too criticizes other perspectives, especially behaviourism, as it doesn’t take into account the unconscious minds influence on behaviour (McLeod, S. A. 2007). Behavioural psychology is concerned with how outside environmental factors (stimuli) affect observable behaviour (response). It focuses on learned behaviour and how these behaviours are learned and reinforced. The underlying assumption is that psychology should be seen as scientific. Around this time Watson, who was the founder of behaviourism, became increasingly critical of introspection and was also starting to experiment on non – human animals. He believed the psychodynamic perspective was difficult to verify and was very subjective, the polar opposite of behaviourism which can be accurately measured. With his famous manifesto of 1913, Watson redefined psychology and launched the behavioural school of psychology (Gross, R. 2001 page 13). He believed people are born with a â€Å"blank slate† and that peoples (and animals) behaviour are controlled and taught from their specific environment, rather than internally (i. e. Freud, Jung). Freud completely rejects tabula rasa and believed people are born with â€Å"instincts†. Behaviourism is purely a â€Å"nurture approach† and how we are nurtured, determines behaviour. The two main processes whereby people (and animals) learn from their environment are namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association. The Russian psychologist, Pavlov (1897) accidentally stumbled upon this condition after originally studying digestion in dogs (McLeod, S. A. 2007). He noticed the dogs salivating whenever he came into the room, even when he wasn’t bringing them food between experiments. He believed dogs didn’t learn to salivate when they saw food. This was â€Å"hardwired† in them as an unconditioned reflex. So why were they salivating when they saw him enter the room? He came to the conclusion the dogs learnt over time to â€Å"associate† him with food. From this knowledge he conducted experiments where he successfully conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of just a bell through the repeated association of the sound of a bell and food. This proved his theory. Operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of behaviour. B. F.  Skinner investigated this theory with controlled experiments and showed how rats learnt and changed their behaviour from punishment, positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement with his â€Å"Skinner Box† experiments (McLeod, S. A. 2007). This and other human experiments explained some behaviour by a person’s (or animals) motive, therefore proving behaviour occurs for a reason. One other behavioural theory that should be mentioned is social learning theory. Albert Bandura (1977 page 38) states behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning (bobo doll experiment). He believed we learn indirectly, observing behaviours of others then imitating them. For a person to imitate another, the behaviour must be seen as rewarding in some way (reinforced) otherwise this wouldn’t happen. Memory is also involved in some way, and then the behaviour is carried out. Behaviourism is very scientific, using quantitative data. Its laboratory experiments and research with non-human animals is always supported by empirical data, obtained through careful, controlled observation and measurement. These measurements and data are also very accurate. There are limitations to this perspective, with regard to it being too deterministic and its experiments having low ecological value for some. Humanists also believe you cannot compare animals to humans. Behaviourism began to loosen its grip during the 1950’s and during the 1960’s, cognitive psychology started to take hold. Cognitive psychology is introspective and focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision making. It has been greatly influenced by psychologists such as Piaget, Bandura and Tolman (1948). It’s a very scientific perspective, and revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick and behave in certain manners, then we need to know what processes are actually going on in their minds. Unlike behaviorism, which focuses only on observable behaviors, cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental states. It explains behavior in terms of how the mind operates, often comparing it to a computer (Gross, R. 2001 page 21). Such internal processes include perception, memory, language and maladaptive thinking. These processes are viewed as mechanistic. Perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information. It comes from the Latin word â€Å"perceptio† which means receiving, collecting and action of taking possession with the mind or senses. â€Å"Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present† (Sternberg, 1999). Memory is essential to all our lives. Without a memory of the past, we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. Schemas are memory knowledge packages and can be defined as â€Å"a set of linked mental representations of the world, which we use both to understand and to respond to situations† Piaget, J. (1936). Born in 1896 Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget called the schema the basic building block of intelligent behaviour – a way of organising knowledge. All of us use schemas in our everyday life as well as stereotyping, which are â€Å"mental short cuts†. Stereotypes are often communicated through words i. e. hairman. Another area of cognitive behaviour is social cognition which is concerned with how people think about each other and different social groups i. e. class, minorities. It is suggested people have psychological problems due to maladaptive thinking and irrational thoughts. C. B. T. challenges these thoughts and behaviours to treat such disorders i. e. Depression or Anxiety. Research methods for cognitive behaviour are mostly in the form of laboratory experiments. Case studies though are sometimes used in situations where individuals are brain damaged. It’s extremely scientific using mainly quantitive data. Skinner criticizes the cognitive approach, as he believes that only external stimulus response behaviour should be studied, as this can be scientifically measured (McLeod, S. A. 2007). One of its strengths though is that this perspective has many empirical studies to support its theories. It’s easily measured which is why it’s included in the medical model and is currently used widely in the NHS. The cognitive approach though, does not always recognize physical factors in determining behaviour. The biological perspective studies such factors. The biological perspective is a way of looking at psychological topics, by studying the physical basis for animal and human behaviour. It is one of the major perspectives in psychology, and involves such things as studying the immune system, nervous system and genetics. This field of psychology is often referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology. This perspective has grown significantly over the past few decades, especially with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human brain and nervous system. Eysenck (1980) believes peoples personality behaviour can be explained in terms of the kind of nervous system a person inherits and has also produced evidence ( Eysenck 1967) relating to biological differences between introverts and extroverts, believing behaviour can be governed by physiology and genetics (inheritance), (Gross, R. 2001 page 616). MRI scans and PET scans also allow researchers to look at the brain in different ways and can explain behaviours in neurological terms. This can sometimes explain abnormal behaviour in people. Biological psychologists believe that schizophrenia is affected by levels of dopamine (a neurotransmitter), and a brain scan can show up these levels. Autism can also be treated by psychoactive drugs and low carbohydrate diets too (Gross, R. 2001 page 582). Those findings have also helped psychiatry and helped to relieve symptoms of mental illness through drugs. One limitation of this perspective is that Freudians would say the biological approach only treats the surface symptoms and not the underlying causes of the actual problem. This approach is very scientific, using laboratory and natural experiments for physiological studies. Brain function studies include invasive (Autopsy) and non- invasive (CAT scans) methods. Brain damaged individuals are also investigated through case studies. The biological approach has a strong counter argument against the nurture approach (behavioural) but humanists would argue against this perspective as being too deterministic. Two of the most influential theorists in humanistic psychology are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Needs Model). Carl Ransom Rogers was born in 1902 in Oak Park Illinois and is the founder of â€Å"person centred† or non-directive therapy. It’s a form of talk psychotherapy and the goal of P. C. T is to develop a sense of self wherein the client can realize, how their attitudes, feelings and behaviour are being negatively affected and make an effort to find their true potential (Rogers, R C 1961 page 18). Clients are aided by the therapist to find their own solutions to their problems through self-awareness, finally leading to self-actualisation. In Rogers’s words â€Å"the organism has one basic tendency and striving – to actualise, maintain and enhance the experiencing organism (Rogers, R C 1961, 487). He believes we can help ourselves through our own free will and personal agency, to self-actualise to become a fully functioning person once again. Humanistic psychologists empower their clients rather than have â€Å"power† or â€Å"authority over them like psychoanalysts or behaviourists do. They look at human behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving. It’s based on the six core conditions needed for change. As humanists focus on the whole person (holism), they regard scientific measures (i. e. biological) inappropriate for studying behaviour, although their belief in free will is in opposition to the deterministic laws of science. The research uses qualitative data, using methods such as case studies and informal interviews. Qualitative data also gives genuine insight and more holistic information into behaviour. As we can conclude from the discussions on the various perspectives, each one focuses on their own unique conception of why humans behave as they do. Freud’s â€Å"tension reducing person†, Skinners â€Å"environmentally controlled person† and Rogers â€Å"growth motivated person† are all quite different from each other. This diversity of approaches and research methods reflect the complexity of this subject matter. However we’ve also noted some important similarities between different approaches, such as the deterministic nature of Freud’s and Skinners theories and the scientific nature of the behaviourist and biological approaches, which have no consideration for human free will. Each perspective has its own unique strengths and limitations and can even contradict each other’s theories. A scientific approach such as cognitive psychology tends to ignore the subjective (i. e. personal) experiences that people have. The humanistic approach accounts for this but largely at the expense of being non-scientific in its methods and ability to provide evidence. Each perspective though, has something of value to contribute to our understanding of ourselves and human behaviour. Without all these perspectives; our learning and understanding of human behaviour would indeed be more limited and therefore each perspective has its own unique place in psychology.

Pride and Prejudice - The storyline Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice The storyline Essay Using Information from the storyline, write a Chapter for the book which should include feelings about the occurrences after Elizabeth Recieves her letter off Mr Darcy. You may create your own scenario. Elizabeth Bennets head pounded with anger and dismay, as she hastily stepped out of the towering marble framed doors that belonged to Pemberley Court. She stepped into the forgiving downpour of a bleak winters day, and let the cool rain refresh her in a way that she had been longing for all day. A relief that a stuffy courtroom full of people couldnt give. Too add to that, the days proceedings hadnt gone exactly the way she had planned, and that fact had considerably played on her nerves. She just couldnt condone the fact that a man, who could execute such evil acts and hurt so many people without a glimmer of regret, could be let free into the world, without any type of restraint or punishment. As it is imaginable, the days pressures had not only put a strain on her mind, but also on her elegant posture. Her face was a frustrated scarlet colour, but that was being eased by the iced droplets of rain that were running down it, turning it into more of a pink winter glow than a face full of anger. Her renewed glow resembled her now slightly more calmed nerves as she basked in the calming chill of the afternoon rain, no longer dwelling on the pains in her life. No longer worrying about Mr Darcys marriage proposal. No longer worrying about every triviality in her life. Just her and the rain. Then Elizabeth felt a warm hand on her shoulder. The protective wall of imaginary glass between her and the rest of the world was shattered in an instant and all the worries of her life came flooding back into her head. She took a deep breath as the real world came back into view. The realities of life back to haunt her. She turned round and was stunned into paralysis by the sight before her eyes. Good day to you Miss Elizabeth. Dont you just love a successful morning? grinned Mr Darcy. How had she not heard him coming? Surely she should have heard the clatter of footsteps and the crash of the closing marble doors. She was both angry and embarrassed at the fact that he had seen her drenched in rainwater and that he had generally sneaked up on her.] Mr Darcy she acknowledged. If you may permit me to speak so boldly. What are you doing out here? Darcy was merely silent and handed her a letter which was written on a yellow parchment and in the most beautiful italic writing she had ever seen. She looked at him confused. He then walked off. Without any more witty comments. Without any more sarcastic looks. Elizabeth got up, letter in hand, and advanced towards somewhere where the prying eyes of the raindrops couldnt see or destroy her secret letter. It was sealed with a seal of red wax, obviously from the candle in the Courts waiting room. She chuckled and then broke the seal, then opening the crisp yellow paper. The letter read My dear Elizabeth, Though I know not of any feelings on your behalf towards me, I would like to express mine towards yourself. I apologise if this letter will in any way offend you, but i feel that it is necessary for you to know how I feel. From the first moment I met you, I looked into your eyes, and experienced such a surge of love which I had experienced none other like in my life. I covered up my feelings for you with a complete denial of anything I felt and I feel that at this time, I managed to sincerely offend both you and your family. I apologise for my actions in speaking so poorly of you and your, sorry to say, poor relations. I was afraid of falling ion love with someone who wouldnt boost my position in the business world and for that I am sincerely sorry, for I now realise that true love is a thing which is only experienced on very rare occasions in ones life. Elizabeth Bennet. I love you more than words can say. If love could be measured in numbers, my love for you would add up to a higher number than there are stars in the sky. In the Milky Way. In the galaxies that surround that and those around them. I cant deny that I dont regret anything that I said in court or the turnout of the case, but I plead to you that if you can find it in your heart to forgive me for my sins and unforgivable actions, and love me as I love you, then I pray you would accept my hand in marriage and make me the happiest man alive. Please find a ring behind the flowerpot on the left hand side of the door. If you feel my proposal unfit, then you may do as you wish with the ring which is 2 carats of diamond. If you feel the same way about me that I feel about you though, please meet me in the breakfast room at 5pm sharp. Yours, Fitzwilliam Darcy Elizabeth Folded the letter up, out it in her pocket and then sat down with a thump on a cold stone bench, her heart pounding with both delight and disgust. Life always threw either stones or sweets at her. Normally she wouldnt get to choose which one she got. This time however, she could. She could chew on the huge sweet or the large lump of coal. Her decision. No one elses.

Samsung Analysis: Porters Five, SWOT and PESTEL

Samsung Analysis: Porters Five, SWOT and PESTEL INTRODUCTION Samsung electronics Industry Corporation was created in 1969 as a division of Samsung group, and the name of corporation was changed to the current name which Samsung electronics in 1984. Mainly it manufacture and exported electronics products, which include color TV, electronic calculator, electronic watch, electronic cash registers, as well as electronic home appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, an also telecommunication devices. Especially, it recorded the outstanding number of manufacturing black and white TVs which was going up above 10 million and took top of the world in terms of export of black and white TVs. It succeeded to develop super mini VTR (8mm) in 1983, started to export VTR in 1985, and merged Samsung semiconductors and telecommunication cooperation in 1988. Since then Samsung electronics has dramatically grown as one of the worlds leading electronic giant with branches all over the world. Now millions of Samsung electronic products are being manufactured and sold every day and its product is seen in almost every house around the world. Samsung electronics has one of the best inventory management systems, supply and distribution chain in the world and its products are unique and durable with dedicated, efficient work force. Also, its research and development department is second to none in the electronic industry hence we decided to carry out this in-depth analysis to access the various strategies they have being applying since their existence and to advise them on the possible strategic options available to them now and in the future. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Industry Analysis Porters Five Forces Analysis (http://www.masslearning.com/) Michael Porter stated that for any business entity there are 5 forces in action, these forces can have a great influence on the current affairs and strategy of the business. These forces consist of the following factors. Buyers power Buyers are the driving force of any industry including the automotive sector. Buyer behaviour is an essential part of marketing strategy and in-depth studies and research have been conducted to try to understand buyer behaviour. Typical question to ask when considering buyer behaviour are, who are our buyers? How do they buy? When do they buy? Where do they buy? Why do they buy? For Samsung electronics the brand strength allows them to make radical changes as they have a large base of loyal customers (due to an long history of building quality electronics), this has been evident with the radical exterior design changes to the Samsung product line up. Thus Samsung can be considered as a trend setter in their respective markets. This is a powerful position as it allows for some control of the direction of the future markets and trends. But strong competition from their rivals ensures that the changes arent too radical as they may lose customers to their opposition. Suppliers power Suppliers are the foundations of any industry they can supply raw materials, labour components and other supplies. Therefore it is important that a business has a good healthy relationship with its suppliers to ensure that it can operate smoothly and efficiently in cohesion with its suppliers. The power of suppliers varies depending on certain factors, for example if the product is standardised then the supplier will be weak, an example of this in the electronics industry would be silicon manufacturers. There are many to choose from and product diversity is relatively low thus suppliers are weak in this market. Suppliers are more powerful when they provide a more specialised product. Samsung has a technologically advanced component with existing patents, so in this case the supplier has more power in the relationship then in the case with silicon. Threat of Substitute products A substitute product is a product in another market which poses a threat because it is potentially a substitute to your product. A substitute (product) can negatively affect the ‘price elasticity of your product since more substitutes become available the demand becomes more elastic as customers have more alternatives a close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. In the electronics industry substitute products will include other similar products from other manufactures. The threat of substitutes in the electronics sector is increasing since the consumer are being motivated by both social responsibility and legislation to find alternative manufacture that meets their criteria to reduce the affect of global warming energy consumption . Legislation in the UK such as high charging for energy bill also promotes substitutes in to electronic industry so it is a growing threat in this sector. Degree of rivalry Perhaps this is one of the most important of Porters 5 forces, since competition is what tends drives innovation changes in the market since firms strive for a competitive advantage. The intensity of rivalry amongst firms varies across markets. In a market that is saturated rivalry can become fierce as firms compete for the same customers, but in a growing market firms dont need to compete as fiercely as there may have their own growing customer base to which they can cater their product. When considering direct rivals to Samsung such as Motorola and Dell they are all long established in the industry so it is likely that they have coexisted by having disciplined competition and also having a ‘code of conduct between themselves. This is evidence of ‘friendly competition within the automotive sector. Barriers to entry This relates to how easy it is to enter the market place, this force has only negative implications on current market competitors since the easier entry into a market is the more competitors there potentially is. But usually there are legal requirements that must be overcome before the market place can be entered for example a product must pass minimum quality and safety standards and licences are usually required for trading. When considering the electronics industrial sector entry into the market is extremely difficult, since a large initial investment is required, and competition is fierce. In the current economic climate entry in this sector will be almost impossible unless an innovative unique selling point is achieved. Currently the easiest entry into the electronics sector is through excellent design reliability, durability and cost effectiveness of electronics being the most obvious. Electronics Industry Life Cycle Stage According the theory of industry life cycle, Samsung Electronics already got the Maturity stage. Because growth is no longer the main focus,market share andcash flow become theprimary goals of the companies left in the space. Samsungs products like TV, audio, video, mobile phones, camera, camcorder, PC, peripherals, Printers, home appliances and memory cards all have good reputation and occupy important place in market. PESTEL Analysis This section serves as a business environmental scan. Here a PESTLE analysis is applied of the external macro environment in which SAMSUNG operates. The pestle analysis is applied to SAMSUNG looking at its market i.e. no specific product. The diagram below highlights the main issues within each factor. All the factors have a high level of influence on our business and our future strategy. Portfolio Analysis SWOT Analysis Porters Generic Competitive Strategy Analysis STRATEGIES CHOICE GE Matrix Analysis Mobile phone industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung phones Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment Depending on the analysis of the mobile phone market and industry attractive terms, the current score of attractiveness of the mobile phone industry is 3.68 points; the attractiveness of the industry is relatively high. Through the analysis of financial statements of Samsung, Samsungs business strength total score of 3.19 points in the industry belongs to a high level, in the matrix belongs to GE leader-type to business, this score indicates Samsung mobile phones has a good market share in current market. TV industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung TV Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment From the table, we can see that on the all TV market analysis, financial statements and marketing analysis of Samsung TV and Samsung in the GE matrix effort to business, the TV industry has a strong attractiveness, but Samsung in the TV business strength only belongs to middle level, which need considerable investment of resources, through the efforts of Samsung could be a leader-type business, or it will be difficult to fierce competition in the market to survive. Washing-machine industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung washing-machine Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment Through the washing-machine industry analysis and a brief Samsung washing-machine business development analysis show that the attractiveness of the washing-machine industry for Samsung is very strong, but Samsung washing-machine for production in terms of business strength is weak and the question mark in the GE matrix operations, the attractiveness of the industry itself is very easy to attract new entrants into the market and existing enterprise competition, but the washing-machine industry because of the competition is fierce, national brands in the market want a share of the domestic and international well-known brands have already endless which want to improve their competitiveness in this industry. Samsung is in a very difficult situation in the washing-machine industry. According to the industry attractiveness and business strength matrix of Samsung mobile phones, TVs, washing-machines, we mapped the GE matrix of Samsung: B: mobile phone, F: TV .H: washing-machine. (http://www.showppt.com/ppt_79.html) The GE matrix is displayed by Samsung, Samsungs mobile phones plays a leader place in the market and it must keep go on. TV business in the maintenance of regional (between effort and regulator), business attraction and business position in the industry do not have the advantage of both the absence of the formation of a unique segment had to compete with many rivals, enterprise by supporting these businesses strive to improve the businesss market share, and strive to develop into a leading-type business. Samsung washing-machine business is a question mark position difficult for enterprises to compete with the market the original members, requiring substantial investment of resources, currently giving up their own production of washing-machine is an inevitable choice. Boston Matrix Analysis Samsung electronics was build up in 1969, it cost 40 years developed from a small company which only 36 people worked in it to a worldwide company. Now there are nearly 20 kinds of products in Samsung which got a good reputation all over the globe. Take Samsung electronics as an example, it got lots of awards in the Industrial Design Excellence Awards in America. It is the company which got the most awards in several consecutive years, which can prove the design ability of Samsung reach the world-class level. It will be analysis with Boston Matrix. The television and mobile phone can be looked as the cash cow product, because the market growth rates are relatively low and the relative market share are so high. (http://www.masslearning.com/) Samsung electronics started the business of liquid crystal display from 1995, when it get to 2005, the total amount of sales volume is more than one hundred million and it is more than 2 hundred million in 2007, 3 hundred million in 2008, in last month, the total sales volume is more than 5 hundred million. The reason of why Samsung electronics can get the outstanding achievement is the extended market of the LED TV panel and the powerful sell of the big size LCD TV. In 2010, Samsung is going to sell 10 million LCD televisions with LED and 22 million all kinds of LCD TVs. In the sales amount aspect, Samsungs market share got to 23.6% all over the globe in the fourth quarter in 2009. The high sells amount and market share of Samsung is because of the high shipments of television market in the world, the integrity layout of the product size and the leader status of the advanced technology. Samsung got the double champion of the shipment and the sales amount on television in continue 13 seasons. So they looked as the cash cow product. The market share and the market growth rate of five TV brand in 2009 (http://finance.baidu.com/2010-02-23/122741032.html) Samsung is the second biggest mobile phone producer in the world. In 2009, it paid more attention on the fashion style which attracted a great deal of young person and the shipments got to 235 million, the market share got to 19.5%. Compared with 2008, it has a big improvement, because the shipment and market share is only 199 million and 16.3% respectively. The successful of Samsung electronics is come from the swift and agility, but lack of innovativeness may lead to the loss of probability. Nowadays Samsung pay more attention on the Smartphone, the Bada system is a good example. Bada system is a platform of the new smart phone which developed by Samsung company, the interface of it is more fashion in colour and style. So it can be looked as the cash cow product because the market growth rate is low but the market share is very high, the characteristic of which is the sale volume is high but the rate of liability is low, it can provide fund for the company and the product do not ne ed improve the invests. So it can be the supporter for recover the funds for the company, support the other product. The market is becoming mature, the company do not need to invest huge capital for enlarge the market and as a leader in the mobile phone area, it bring lots of profit for the whole company. (http://article.pchome.net/scripts/art_content.php?article_id=447146) In 1997, Samsung produce a series of double door fridge named ‘ZIPEL, in these 10 years, it was export to more than 130 countries and the market share got to the peak over about 50 countries. After sell the fridge to America for 7 years, the market share of Samsung became the highest one. In 2007, the French fridge started to sell in America, the market share was only 5.6% at that year, but after one year, it rocket to 16%. In 2009, the total sales of bridge take account of 28.6% and the sales volume take account of 27.2% in America, rank the first place. So the fridge should also be looked as the cash cow products, a company should have several kinds of cash cow products, if there is something wrong with the other dogs products, it balance the funds of the whole company. From 2007, Samsung produce a series of camera, such as blue, WB, PL, ES and ST series. Especially Blue series which was made the advertisement by Dongjian Zhang, leave a good impression for Chinese customer, so attract lots of customers attention. But in the whole area, Canon, Sony and Nikon still the first three brands, Samsung cannot catch up with them. Although it developed harder on the camera area, the market share still cannot as high as the other area. So the camera area can looked as the question marks product in the Boston Matrix analysis. Most products of Samsung electronics have a good reputation and sell very well, but there are some exceptions. Take air c The Man of the Crowd | Literary Analysis The Man of the Crowd | Literary Analysis Such a great misfortune, not to be able to be alone, declares the opening line of Edgar Allan Poes Man of the Crowd. Surrounded by a city full of people, the narrator is indeed not alone in that sense. Alone, though, may be viewed in another light: to be unique, to stand alone against the chaos and homogeneity of the crowd. The relationships the narrator has with and the observations he makes about the people of London give insight regarding the nature of urban relationships generally. Though the narrator does not in reality have any direct communication with the people in this story, he observes and reports on each of them, and these observations substitute for his lacking personal relationships. It is his observations of the city of London itself, of the crowd, and of the old man that reveal Poes distaste for the isolation and loss of individuality that city life fosters. The city is mostly only described at night, and we see almost nothing of the daylight hours. The audience, therefore, is left with a dark and gloomy image of the city. By providing this sole nighttime portrait of the city through the narrator, Poe automatically creates a depressing outlook on city life that pervades the story and provides the backdrop for the entire commentary. To reinforce the depressing outlook, Poe has the narrator enumerate the features of the verge of the city in more detail than any other part of London (220). He states that this place [wears] the worst impress of the most deplorable poverty, and of the most desperate crime (220). The poverty and crime reveals that people do not care about each other, in that no one helps the poorest of the poor and the criminals have no regard for their fellow city dwellers. People are isolated from, and apathetic towards, their fellow city dwellers. To give a further impression of the impoverishment and apathetic nature of the city, he describes the beggars, poor girls returning from their demanding work, and sick people wandering about the streets. From the descriptions of these people it is evident that the city is a cold, uncaring, and unforgiving place: the sick were in search of some chance consolation and the young girls had to return to careless homes (217). The lack of concern for others in the city highlights Poes notions that the urban environment creates isolation amongst its inhabitants. While describing the crowd, the narrator is seated behind a window, separated from the people. Putting him behind the glass isolates him from those whom he is so meticulously observing. One would think that after being sick and inside for months on end, the narrator would want some kind of personal, human relation, yet he is perfectly content to sit alone indoors and ponder the pedestrians from afar. His willingness to be alone further contributes to the sense that people are truly isolated in the city. This isolation is also seen in the pedestrians, who [talk] and [gesticulate] to themselves, as if feeling in solitude on account of the very denseness of the company around (216). Here the narrator explains that because there are so many people around and since no one knows each other, these people feel like they are alone. Poe suggests, through the narrators observations, that while one may be in extreme proximity to others in the city, he is not truly connected with any of them, except in the sense that he may share some general attributes with a large group of others that causes him to be seen as part of the whole. The narrator states that he at first looks at the people in their aggregate relations but then moves into observing the details of which there were innumerable varieties (216). Herein lies a contradiction: he points out there are innumerable varieties, yet he does exactly the opposite by enumerating the types of people that he sees and placing each person into a specific category. The narrator treats each person within each of his classifications as the same as the whole: though he calls them individuals, he immediately places them into a larger group. Poe here is trying to say that while you may think that you are a distinct person in the city, you have already lost your individuality by being part of the crowd. The narrator tells himself that everyone is different, but in pointing out their differences, he makes sweeping generalizations, thus making many people the same as one another. Furthermore, when the narrator classifies and describes the crowd, he does so in a very scientific manner, looking at each of them through their figure, dress, air, gait, visage, and expression of countenance (216). While these traits should make each person different at least in some way from another, they are all treated as exactly the same within each group. The classification of the people in the crowd makes them lose their individuality by generalizing and putting each person into a pre-labeled group. When a person comes along, the man of the crowd, that cannot be classified, the narrator is startled (218): he doesnt know how to think about this man since he cannot put him in a well-defined category. He is so intrigued by this man that he leaves the coffee shop where he has been meticulously scouring the people of the crowd. He purposefully hides among the pedestrians so as not to be seen and, in doing so, loses his individuality and becomes just another undistinguishable face amid a sea of others, suggesting that his quest to classify this man is futile. If the narrator himself is indistinguishable, how is he able to individualize and ascribe specific attributes to someone else? Also, the way in which he describes the passages that the old man takes causes him to become intertwined with the old mans identity: the narrator says that he hurried into the street [] until we emerged (220). He has to do exactly as the old man does in order to stay close and observe him. Again, this mixing of identities emphasizes the loss of individuality in the city that Poe wishes to point out. A person starts to lose his identity when he starts behaving like other people. The narrator eventually abandons his pursuit, saying that this man does not permit [himself] to be read (215). He points out that he can learn nothing else about him. The narrator here seems to just ignore someone that does not fit into he predetermined classifications. This eventual disregard for the peculiarity of the old man again shows that there is no true individuality in the city. If other people like this man cannot be classified, they are probably simply ignored; in effect they do not exist. So, in essence there are no individuals. The tale opens by saying that it is a great misfortune, not to be able to be alone. The narrator in Man of the Crowd is surrounded by a city full of people, unable to be alone, though is truly isolated from them. Through the observations made by this narrator, it is evident that the same isolation applies to every other member of society in London; no one knows anyone else and, in that sense, everyone is isolated. Though, these people are not alone in that none of them are distinguishable from a larger group. Each person is defined as being part of a group within the crowd and as a part of the crowd generally. It is this loss of individuality that gives meaning to the vagueness title The Man in the Crowd.

Media Violence and the Violent Male Adolescent Essay -- Argumentative

Media Violence and the Violent Male Adolescent      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My research led me to form some new hypotheses on the correlation of violence in the media, namely television, movies, and video games, to the rise in violent behavior in adolescents. For this essay, I will focus on male adolescents. I will use multiple lenses for my research to (1) establish the increase in violent acts by adolescents in the past two decades; (2) use proven research to show the impact of media violence on the individual; and (3) to illustrate my "recipe for disaster," four correlations that contribute to the effects of media violence on male adolescents.    Rise in Youth Violence According to the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ"), (1999) in a committee report, "The number of juvenile violent crime arrests in 1997 exceeded the 1988 level by 49%. Of that number, 2,500 were arrested for murder and 121,000 for other violent crimes. Eighteen percent of high school students now carry a knife, razor, firearm, or other weapon on a regular basis, and 9% of them take a weapon to school." The Committee report noted that a principal cause for the increase was media violence. " Eighty-seven percent of American households have more than one television, and 88.7% of homes with children have home video game equipment, a personal computer, or both. An average teenager listens to 10,500 hours of rock music during the years between the 7th and 12th grades. By age 18 an American child will have seen 16,000 simulated murders and 200,000 acts of violence. Television alone is responsible for 10% of youth violence. A preference for heavy metal music may be a significant marker for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide ris... ...f, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, "Children, Violence, and The Media,' (online document) A Report for Parents and Policy Makers. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Senator Orrin G. Hatch, Utah, Chairman, 1999, Sept. 14, Available  Ã‚   (http://www.senate.gov/~judiciary/mediavio.htm)    Mediascope Press, "How Violence Manipulates Viewers." Issue Briefs. Studio City, Calif.: 1997 Available: (http://www.mediascope.org/pubs/ibriefs/hvmv.htm)    Putnam, Robert,   "Bowling Alone" America's Declining Social Capital, Journal of Democracy; 1995, Jan., (pp. 65-68)    Strasburger, Victor C. M.D. Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, "How much influence do the media have?" Adolescent Medicine; State of the Art Reviews--Vol. 4, No. 3, October 1993 Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, Inc. Available online: http://www.cyfc.umn.edu/Documents/C/B/CB1030.html   

american immigration Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations†. These famous words, which were spoken, by the famed author and poet Walt Whitman is a perfect way to describe our ever changing melting pot society, which we call America. Immigration has effected and changed our country in many ways, many of which being economic reasons from 1820-1860. There have been many reasons for people migrating to America. Among the top of these reasons are those of Political Freedom, and Economic opportunities, which include people wanting more money and better jobs. A large amount of immigrants from this time period came by way of Slavery. From the 1820s until 1860 Immigration to America has affected the national economy in many positive and negative ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around 1830 in America there was an abundance of land at a cheap cost, jobs were found with little difficulty because of the decreased birth rate and high urbanization and industry that was greatly increasing. The attraction that America had towards the Immigrants was mainly the large amounts of land for farms, which the people greatly desired. Many of the early arrivals to America were followed with reports to the people’s homeland countries that the streets of America were â€Å"paved with gold†. This saying was to refer to the prosperity that the American economy had during the early19th century. Many countries outside of America during this time were in great despair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When there is no land left for farming of a crop, which is heavily relied on throughout your country, people tend to leave. One main source of immigration to America was the Irish. During the mid 1800s Ireland’s population grew rapidly and many of the people lived on small farms that produced very little, because of their poverty the people depended mainly on the potato crop. However around 1845 a plant disease killed the majority of the crop. Around three quarters of a million people died and thousands more left the country in search of a better life. Many of the emigrants to America from Irish were under the age of thirty-five and men. Families sent their strong sons to the New World in order to make money to afford the trip of the other family members. Even though there was a low birth rate and plentiful jobs in America many of the Irish found that the fast pa... ...is crop into fabric that was sold and distributed throughout the world. The African-Americans were the most influential immigrant group to come to America during this time. They were used as slave labor mainly to harvest the enormous cotton crops in the south. This group even though were not allowed to take part in any form of public education did however harvest many notable writers, poets and politicians.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As shown, the immigration of different ethnic groups greatly attributed to America's flourishing economy. Without them this country would have fallen and collapsed soon after it's creation. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Http://www.bergen.org. American Immigration. 2001 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Pageant. David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen, Thomas A. Bailey. Copyright 2002. Houghton Mifflin Company 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Book Encyclopedia. Volumes A&I. William H. Nault, Frank D. Drake. Copyright 1989. World Book Inc. Chicago, Illinois. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Immigration: Opposing Viewpoints. David L. Bender, Bruno Leone. Copyright1992. Greenhaven Press, Inc., San Diego, California.

Hamlet Mood Essay -- essays research papers

Hamlet Mood Essay Act 1 of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an important act of the play because it sets the reader up with the mood of the play through conversations and events that happen. These moods set up are mysterious, mournful, and revengeful. With these moods set in place they will most likely determine the actions of Hamlet and other events that unfold throughout this tragedy. Right away in the first scene and a few others you can see that there is a going to be a mysterious mood with a few weird things happening in during the rest of the play. In the beginning of the first scene Marcellus says, â€Å"Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour, / With martial stalk hath he gone by our watch†(1,1,76-77). Marcellus is telling Horatio about the ghost that he and Barnardo have seen on a two occasions. They don’t think that anyone will believe them so they bring Horatio along because if he sees it people will believe him because he is a scholar and he is respected. All three of the men tried to speak to the ghost but they are not successful, so a in Scene 4 they bring Hamlet along with them to see if he can talk to it because they said it looked like King Hamlet who had just been slain about two months ago. The ghost reveals that he is Hamlet’s father and that Claudius killed him by being poisoned. This ghost and the scenes being set at night show that there are most likely going to be some mysterious events happening as the storyline unfolds. Hamlet did not know how his father...

Why I Hate Hr

Why I Hate HR MGT/431 Why I Hate Hr The issue we are addressing in this assignment below is the problems of Human Resource Management; the author has written the topic â€Å"Why we hate HR? †. He has listed several issues faced such by the human resource management – managers and there is quite a number of times having to distance themselves from the employees. He has started his case by talking about â€Å"why human-resource does not do such a good job†, and how can we fix it? hen he continues with the Sarcastic criticism of the general outlook of people towards HR , and considers that the HR people just find a great excuse of partying, calling it a HR leadership training program at the most expensive resorts. Considered by many as a waste of time and money. Author Keith Hammonds, Deputy Editor of Fast Company magazine lit up HR managers with his long August 2005 article entitled, â€Å"Why We Hate HR. † He made a number of harsh accusations about HR peop le. As we have seen the article is provocative. I know many people think such accusations are true for some in the line of work, though as generalizations all are wrong. Should HR say nothing, or what exactly should they say instead? In fact Human Resource is making vast leaps forward as we speak. Instead of bashing pet peeves in the profession we should look into what is working. Punching at a problem rarely encourages improvement, though it gets lots of notice and expected email, both from irritated HR people and those who love to instigate them. It’s time for an equally pointed response. The author drags out most of the cliche, tired-but-not-yet-dead accusations. He ploughs out four in particular: that HR people are â€Å"not the sharpest tacks,† that they are paper and policy mongers, that they are by treating everyone exactly equally â€Å"the mistaken belief† this is fairness, and that the HR managers cannot see the bigger picture. The last is truly the key issue. The others, nonetheless, grow from this. If they miss the larger picture of creating value, they are missing it not only for the companies they work for, but the individuals and their needs as well. It is irrelevant to compare Human Resource to finance and other support operations. As all HR managers make pretty much the same accusations about all of these sectors. They joke about â€Å"blinker eyed† accountants who only focus on lockstep processes and can't see the value of investing in pioneering ventures. HR managers at the same time support division’s needle line executives for their tendency to brush off â€Å"technical† issues in their hurry to take shortcuts just to make their bonus numbers. Such digs may be humorous, but none of this is constructive. â€Å"Not the Sharpest Tacks† Looking at HR in perspective against Keith’s claim that HR Managers are generally dull, side-lined executives who couldn’t make it in other fields. Keith alludes to, but doesn’t spell out that HR is relatively new as a profession without the 400 year history that, for example, accounting has. It was born out of payroll administration to take on a chaos of work that line executives didn’t want to make time for such as hiring, familiarizing with company atmosphere, training, terminations, HR legal issues, human rights, health and safety rules and literally dozens of other tasks loosely related to people. It can be a punching bag for all departments and Head Honchos and add to that few functions have to deal with the complexity of issues that HR does. Clear cut accounting rules have become increasingly complex lately, but nothing to compare with the massive grey areas and differing legislation that HR executives routinely have to deal with – many of which offer few absolute, clear-cut answers to tell your CEO or staff. Do really dumb people get stuck in HR? As per Keith’s views many line managers, still sideline weaker managers into the function and assign them mainly paper-pushing tasks, â€Å"party-planning† and police duty as he notes. Nevertheless those who may look like losers frequently aren't. HR is often asked to impose rules, sometimes some that don’t fit with most employees, mostly not thought up by HR at all, but by irritated fuming CEO’s demanding spontaneous responses to routine organizational problems better handled in other ways. In one situation HR was routinely held responsible for a poorly designed bonus plan that time after time paid out top awards, including even south sea cruises, to some of the worst performing area head, which were only good at sweet talking. Dumping weak executives into HR shows as much or more a failing of line managers than of the individuals who end up in the HR function. This will be fatal going forward and won't be allowed to continue. A bigger issue is whether senior teams can learn to effectively absorb the input of their HR members as valuable. Agreed not everyone is great, but HR certainly isn’t the only area with some weaker players by any means as every function holds its share of those who couldn't make it elsewhere, but have hung on where they started, barely coping with the basics. What Keith doesn't seem to be aware of is that most executives never reach the top jobs in any case, nor could they. Organizations thrive because they're tough on people in every function and ideally only the best rise to the top. Conclusion Keith Hammonds, author of, â€Å"Why We Hate Hr†, clearing has no good feeling towards Human Resource Managers. Team B strongly believes if we did not have HRM’s in organizations today, there would clearly be a lot of confusion and no development training in today’s workforce. Keith spends a lot of time talking down on human resources but does not clearly provide any facts about his opinions. Team B is disagrees with the author on this article as it has been stated above; these are truly just and only opinions from an individual who clearly hates human resources. References Hammonds, K. H. (2005). Why We Hate Hr. Noe, R. A. , Hollenbeck, J. R. , Gerhart, B. , & Wright, P. M. (2007). Fundamentals of human resource management (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

What is Big Data?

It's a platform managed under the Apache Software Foundation, and it's an open source, and it's deal with big data and give the result in very short time . â€Å"It allows to work with structured and unstructured data arrays of dimension from 10 to 100 Gb and even more†[ (V.Burunova)] And its structer is a group of clusters or one , each of them contains groups of nodes too and each cluster has two type of node name node and data node name node is a unique node on cluster and it knows any data block location on cluster and Data node is the remining node in cluster . and that have done by using a set of servers which called a cluster. Hadoop has two layers cooperate together , first layer is MapReduce and it task is divided data processing across multiple servers and the second one is Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and its task is storing data on multiple clusters and these data are separated as a set of blocks. Hadoop make sure the work is correct on clusters and it can detect and retrieve any error or failure for one or more of connecting nodes and by this way Hadoop efforts increasing in core processing and storage size and high availability. â€Å"Hadoop is usually used in a large cluster or a public cloud service such as Yahoo!, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon† [ (Hadeer Mahmoud, 2018)]. Hadoop's Features:Scalable:Hadoop able to work with huge applications and it can run ,analyze, store, process, distribute large amount of data across thousands of nodes and servers which handle thousands terabytes of data or more, also it can add additional nodes to clusters And these servers work parallel. Hadoop better than traditional relational database systems because (RDBMS) can't expand to deal with huge data..Single write Multiple read :The data on cluster can be read from multiple source at the same time .Data avalibility:when data is sent to a Data node, that Hadoop creates multiple copies of data on other nodes in the cluster, to keep data available if there a failure on one of nodes on cluster.